Starting a Business: Tax Checklist for New Owners
From Tax Guide.
Tax Guide · Arab, Alabama
A general look at Alabama sales tax for businesses: who collects it, what seller use tax means, and how it ties into your books and tax planning.
The short answer
If your business sells taxable goods or services in Alabama, you are generally responsible for collecting sales tax from customers and passing it to the taxing authorities.
Sales tax is not your money. When you collect it, you are holding it for the state and for any city or county that levies its own. Whether your product or service is taxable, at what rate and in which jurisdiction all depend on the facts, and Alabama has its own rules, so we check how they apply.
This article is general information. Our office does not file sales tax returns, but we can talk through how sales tax fits into your books and your overall tax picture. For the rules themselves, the Alabama Department of Revenue is the authority.
How it is layered
Alabama has a state sales tax, and many cities and counties add their own, so the total a customer pays can depend on where the sale takes place.
That layering is why two businesses in nearby towns may charge different amounts on the same item. Many local governments administer their own tax, and some are collected through the state. A seller has to know which rates and rules apply to each sale.
Rates change from time to time, so it is not safe to rely on a number you saw years ago. Check the current rate with the Department of Revenue or your local taxing office.
Setup
You generally register with the taxing authority before you start selling, and then file returns on a schedule they assign.
The Department of Revenue runs My Alabama Taxes, an online service for accounts, returns and payments. Which returns you file, how often, and where local taxes are sent depend on your business and your location. Keep a copy of every return and payment confirmation.
Registration and filing with the state are done by the business owner, or by whoever you have chosen to do it. If you are still planning, our starting a business tax checklist shows where sales tax fits among the other first steps.
Exemptions
Some sales are exempt, such as certain sales to other businesses that will resell the items, and the seller usually needs paperwork to prove it.
A resale certificate is one common example of that paperwork. It is a document a buyer provides to show that the purchase is for resale, not for their own use. If you accept one, keep it on file. Without proper records, an exempt sale can turn into a tax bill later.
Other exemptions may apply to certain organizations, products or uses. We do not want to guess about which ones apply to your business, so confirm with the Department of Revenue.
Out of state
Use tax is a companion to sales tax, owed on taxable items that were bought without sales tax being charged but are used in the state.
For example, if a business buys equipment from a seller that did not charge Alabama tax and uses it here, use tax may be owed directly. Sellers who ship into Alabama from elsewhere may also have obligations. The rules on remote sellers have changed over time, and rules change, so confirm the current ones.
Buyers, not just sellers, can owe use tax, so keep purchase records. This ties into good books. See what is bookkeeping for how tracking supports every tax filing.
Books
Track sales tax separately from your income, because the tax you collect is not revenue and should not be counted as profit.
Record each sale, the tax collected and the tax paid to the authority. When those numbers agree, the return is easy to complete. When they do not, you are left guessing. A monthly check saves headaches. This matters at tax time too, because reporting sales tax as part of income can overstate what you earned.
Good records also help if the state asks questions later. Keep sales records, exemption paperwork and filed returns for at least three years, and longer if you are advised to.
How we can help
Our payroll and bookkeeping service can keep your sales, sales tax collected and expenses organized, so the numbers are ready when you or the state need them.
Through payroll and bookkeeping, we help keep your records accurate. We do not file sales tax returns, and we do not give legal advice, but we can talk through how these rules fit the tax side and your overall planning.
We serve Arab and the surrounding area. Call 256-586-4635 or use our contact page. Bring your paperwork to the office, and please do not send Social Security numbers or documents through the website.
Answers
No. It depends on what the business sells. Some products and services are taxable, some are not, and some sales are exempt. Confirm with the Department of Revenue.
No. Sales tax is charged on sales and held for the taxing authority. Income tax is based on profit. A business can owe both.
You may still owe the tax, along with penalties and interest, even if the customer was never charged. If this happens, call the office and get your records together.
It can depend on where the customer is, where you operate and how you sell. The rules for online sales have changed in recent years, so verify the current requirements.
Sometimes, if the purchase was exempt or the tax was paid in error. Ask the Department of Revenue about the process and keep your receipts.
Start with your sales system, bank deposits and copies of returns filed. If you cannot find them, the online account with the state may show past filings.
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Our team in Arab is just a phone call away, and we are glad to talk it through with you.